Non-Aggression Treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union, 23 August 1939 
 The Non-Aggression Treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union, 23 August 1939 
 Source: J. Noakes & G. Pridham, Documents on Nazism 1919-1945, (London, 1974), pp.561-562. 
 The Government of the German Reich and The Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, directed by the wish to strengthen the cause of peace between Germany and the USSR and proceeding upon the basic provisions of the Treaty of Neutrality concluded between Germany and the USSR in April 1926, have reached the following agreement: 
 Article 1. 
 The two contracting parties undertake to refrain from any act of violence, any aggressive action, or any attack against one another, whether individually or jointly with other powers. 
 Article 2. 
 In case any of the contracting parties should become the object of warlike acts on the part of a third power, the other contracting party will not support that third power in any form. 
 Article 3. 
 The Government of the two contracting parties will in future remain in contact with each other through continuous consultation in order to inform each other concerning questions affecting their mutual interests. 
 Article 4. 
 Neither of the two contracting parties will participate in any grouping of powers which is indirectly or directly aimed against the other party. 
 Article 5. 
 Should disputes or conflicts arise between the contracting parties regarding questions of any kind whatsoever, the two parties would clear away these disputes or conflicts solely by means of friendly exchanges of views or if necessary by arbitration commissions. 
 Article 6. 
 The present Treaty is concluded for a period of ten years with the provision that unless one of the contracting parties denounces it one year before the end of this period the duration of the validity of this treaty is to be regarded as automatically prolonged for another five years. 
 Article 7. 
 The present Treaty is to be ratified within the shortest possible time. The documents of ratification are to be exchanged in Berlin. The Treaty becomes effective immediately upon signature. 
 SECRET ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL 
 On the occasion of the signature of the Non-Aggression Treaty between the German Reich and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the undersigned plenipotentiaries of the two parties discussed in strictly confidential conversations the question of the delimitation of their respective spheres of interest in Eastern Europe. These conversations led to the following result: 1. In the event of a territorial and political transformation in the territories belonging to the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania), the northern frontier of Lithuania shall represent the frontier of the spheres of interest both of Germany and the U.S.S.R. In this connection the interest of Lithuania in the Vilna territory is recognised by both parties. 2. In the event of a territorial and political transformation of the territories belonging to the Polish State, the spheres of interest of both Germany and the U.S.S.R. shall be bounded approximately by the line of the rivers Narev, Vistula and San. The question whether the interests of both parties make the maintenance of an independent Polish State appear desirable and how the frontiers of this State should be drawn can be definitely determined only in the course of further political developments. In any case both Governments will resolve this question by means of a friendly understanding. 3. With regard to south-eastern Europe, the Soviet side emphasises its interests in Bessarabia. The German side declares complete political d'sint'ressement in these territories. 4. This Protocol will be treated by both parties as strictly secret.